What Is the Law of Conservation of Mass

Chemistry is a physical science that studies matter, energy and how they interact. When studying these interactions, its important to understand the law of conservation of mass. Key Takeaways: Conservation of Mass Simply stated, the law of conservation of mass means matter cannot be created or destroyed, but it can change forms.In chemistry, the law is used to balance chemical equations. The number and type of atoms must be the same for both reactants and products.Credit for discovering the law may be given to either Mikhail Lomonosov or Antoine Lavoisier. Law of Conservation of Mass Definition The law of conservation of mass is that, in a closed or isolated system, matter cannot be created or destroyed. It can change forms but is conserved. Law of Conservation of Mass in Chemistry In the context of the study of chemistry, the law of conservation of mass says that in a chemical reaction, the mass of the products equals the mass of the reactants. To clarify: An isolated system is one that does not interact with its surroundings. Therefore, the mass contained in that isolated system will remain constant, regardless of any transformations or chemical reactions that occur—while the result may be different than what you had in the beginning, there cant be any more or less mass than what you had prior to the transformation or reaction. The law of conservation of mass was crucial to the progression of chemistry, as it helped scientists understand that substances did not disappear as result of a reaction (as they may appear to do); rather, they transform into another substance of equal mass. History credits multiple scientists with discovering the law of conservation of mass. Russian scientist Mikhail Lomonosov noted it in his diary as a result of an experiment in 1756. In 1774, French chemist Antoine Lavoisier meticulously documented experiments that proved the law. The law of conservation of mass is known by some as Lavoisiers Law. In defining the law, Lavoisier stated, Atoms of an object cannot be created or destroyed, but can be moved around and be changed into different particles. Sources Okuň, Lev BorisoviÄ  (2009). Energy and Mass in Relativity Theory. World Scientific. ISBN 978-981-281-412-8.Whitaker, Robert D. (1975). An historical note on the conservation of mass. Journal of Chemical Education. 52 (10): 658. doi:10.1021/ed052p658

The Causes Of Obesity And Obesity - 1508 Words

Causes of Obesity When it comes to people health, what usually comes up in mind? People may think of some disease, such as cancer or stroke, but nobody thinks about Obesity, which has become one of the biggest issues in America. Obesity is the accumulation of unnecessary body fat. It is a lifestyle disease that is spreading fast worldwide. This disease is affecting individuals of all age, ethnicity, and gender. As we all know, America has an extended history of solving complex problems, but it seems like obesity has stuck with the American people. In the essay, called Politicians Want to tax us Thin, written by Kyle Smith, she states, â€Å"We know obesity is a problem, but just to be sure we need to spend more resources to study it† (501). Smith says that somehow we are unsuccessful to solve the problem of obesity, and it’s affecting many people all over the world. Many people’s problems are due to their bad habits: they do not care to read the labels of what th ey eat, and they do not think what is natural and healthy for them before they eat. People pass such habits to their children, as it is predictable, and now childhood obesity is also becoming a rising issue. Many factors contribute to the causes of obesity in America while health officials and scientists all agree on the more general causes including lack of exercise, eating junk food, and family lifestyle. Firstly, lack of exercise is one of the major causes of Obesity. An article called, The Causes and Effects ofShow MoreRelatedThe Causes Of Obesity And Obesity1519 Words   |  7 PagesAaron Heiden Robert S. Pilsner WR 121 17 March 2013 The Causes of Obesity Many people speculate that obesity is genetic, but is it? Is childhood obesity caused by a lack of exercise, an unhealthy diet, or both? Obese people, or more commonly referred to as fat people or overweight people, are defined as adults who’s BMI (body mass index) is over 30 percent. There have always been overweight people in human society, but the rate of growth for this percentage of our population has been steadily risingRead MoreThe Causes Of Obesity And Obesity1032 Words   |  5 PagesThe Causes of Obesity Obesity is not just a cosmetic concern; it also increases your risk for cancer, diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, and muscular skeletal disorders. It is estimated that obesity affects more than a third of the American adult population and seventeen percent of the American children population (Moores, 2005). Obesity has many definitions; one of the many definitions is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negativeRead MoreCauses Of Obesity756 Words   |  4 Pagescosts of care for treating three diseases. Obesity, Diabetes, and high blood pressure are the most spreading diseases in the United States and cost the country a huge amount of money for treatments. Obesity or the extra weight harms health in many ways. It raises the danger of developing circumstances, such as diabetes, osteoarthritis, heart disease, and some types of cancers, to name just a few, and cuts the life distance. Treating obesity or any obesity related situations costs the country billionsRead MoreObesity : Obesity Causes And Solutions1658 Words   |  7 PagesObesity Causes and Solutions In recent decades, obesity has grown to become considered an epidemic. In Natalie Boreo’s book â€Å"Killer Fat†, she discusses this obesity epidemic along with its social, political, economic, and moral influences. A number of factors contribute to the high instances of obesity; a person’s lifestyle, eating habits, culture, sedentary behaviors, activity levels, socioeconomic status, among many others. Sociologists seek to understand the physical, emotional and social influencesRead MoreCauses and Effects of Obesity823 Words   |  3 PagesObesity occurs in all countries and it is one of the gravest problems in modern society. Mankinds around the world are concerned about obesity. One of the chief causes is unhealthy diets. Obesity is also due to lack of exercise and lack of education and awareness. Therefore obesity has various effects include risk of suffering from a range of health conditions, large fiscal expenditure on medical insurance and lack of self- esteem. One of the chief causes is unhealthy diets. There are high-calorieRead MoreCauses of Childhood Obesity630 Words   |  3 Pageshowever, can be a problem to many children. This is referred to as obesity, when it occurs among children between ages 2 and 8 it is called childhood referred. Childhood obesity has been on the rise for the past few decades and it is making the lives of children shorter. Childhood obesity can be the outcome of many influences. Economic factors, an unmonitored environment, and lack of activity, are some effects of childhood obesity. To start with, the first and major reason causing children to beRead MoreThe Chief Causes Of Obesity1110 Words   |  5 PagesThe Chief Causes of Obesity As we all know the obesity has become a great problem for many people around the world. A research shows that 34.9% of adults in the United States are obese, and the money used for health problems relating to obesity has greatly increased. The estimated cost was $147 billion in 2008, and the cost for obese people were $1,429 higher than normal people (cdc.gov). There are a lot of factors which makes many Americans obese. The chief causes of obesity are bad food choicesRead MoreCauses Of Obesity In America1030 Words   |  5 PagesObesity is a big problem in the United States today. According to Harvard Womens Health Watch, â€Å"33% of American adults are obese, compared with 15% in the late 1970s. More than 60% of women are overweight or obese†. When it comes to losing weight, many people devotedly believe in the 80/20 rule, which is what and how a person eats is 80% of the effort in losing weight. This is somewhat disconcerting if these people live in America because of th e obesity epidemic currently going on, which is causedRead MoreCauses and Effects of Obesity832 Words   |  3 PagesThe epidemic of obesity is a medical circumstance defined as excess weight in the form of fat which may impair health. (World Obesity Federation, 2012). Obesity can be calculated by BMI which is body mass index. Obesity means BMI greater than 30. (ibid). This essay will outline the causes and effects of obesity. Diet, lifestyle, toxic environment and the causes of obesity are physical, psychological and economic are impacts. One fundamental cause of obesity is diet. Adolescence is perfect exampleRead MoreThe Causes and Effects of Obesity686 Words   |  3 PagesCauses and Effects of Obesity Overview Obesity according to Birmingham and Treasure means there is an excess of adipose tissue (fat) in the body (195). Today, hardly a day goes without the mention of an obesity related issue in the news. In a way, obesity is increasingly becoming a national epidemic. As medical practitioners debate on whether or not obesity should be regarded a disease, policy makers are mulling over what course of action should be adopted so as to rein in the problem of obesity

A College Degree What’s the Point Free Essays

Nowadays there are many millionaires and even billionaires, who don’t have a college degree. Some of them quit collage while others didn’t even step foot into collage. The entertainment industry is filled with high school dropouts and people who never stepped inside college, yet these people are often millionaires, earning millions of dollars. We will write a custom essay sample on A College Degree: What’s the Point? or any similar topic only for you Order Now This leaves one wondering whether a college degree is really necessary or can one do without one. In this era that is riddled with economic recession and unemployment, the world is no longer as friendly to college graduates as it used to be in past decades. More and more fresh graduates are finding themselves unemployed or in jobs without security as the world becomes more and more competitive. John Goes argues that modern education has two purposes; to show that one was smart enough to get into college, and to show a prospective employer that one may be smart enough to learn their job-specific skills. He argues that college degrees have become the modern day IQ tests to determine employability following the ban of IQ testing of job-applicants by the governments (Goes, par4). John Goes further argues that nowadays people have been conditioned to think that anybody can get a college degree. A few decades ago it was accepted that half the people were below average. Only half the people got high school diplomas and only 1 in 20 students managed to obtain a Bachelors degree. Today the statistics indicate that there is an 80% to 90% high school diploma attainment rate (Goes, par5). What is worse is that the cost of acquiring a college degree is now very high. So high that, one Trina Thompson filled a law suite against her alma mater Monroe College for the refund of the $70,000 tuition due to the fact that no one wants to employ someone with a worthless degree. She accused the college for false advertising (Goes, par6). But, to say that college degrees are now worthless is to be shortsighted. The benefits of acquiring a college degree may not be evident in the short-term but are always plenty in the long run. The fact that more people are getting degrees nowadays does not mean that college degrees have lost their value rather it shows that college degrees have become more valuable. Acquiring a college degree definitely puts one ahead in the job market. The recession that hit the world last year resulted in the loss of many jobs. What is to note however is that the majority of the jobs lost were jobs in the manufacturing industry. These jobs were mainly blue collar jobs that were mostly taken by high school graduates and dropouts. Once the recession hit, many companies closed shop, others relocated their operations to more labor economic countries. It was reported that the US economy had shed 131,000 jobs by 6th August this year and that unemployment rates remained stuck at 9.5% (Aljazeera, par1). The private sector only managed to create 71, 000 jobs. Experts say that this rate is too slow for the country to recover its pre-recession employment rate. Blue collar jobs are routine jobs which are more manual and do not require a lot of mental output. Being manual, these jobs can be easily done by other people given the right instructions or by machines which have been programmed to do these tasks. Therefore people who work in blue collar jobs are easily dispensable. However, jobs that are more technical and requiring of high skills are often the kinds that require degrees. Even in the recession many college graduates did not lose their jobs. Even when they lost their jobs it was possible for them to search for telecommute jobs which more and more companies began to offer as alternative employment to laid off employees. High skill jobs like financial jobs and medical jobs continue to pay off in spite of the recession. What’s more college degrees attract higher pay. The acquisition of a college degree in a particular field usually makes the person specialized. Specialization leads to mastering of ones work and creating high skills which make the person a professional in his field of specialization. College graduates earn an average of $20, 000, far much more than non-college graduates (Milliken, par2). Experts argue that college graduates have significantly lower unemployment rates, rely less on public assistance and enjoy better health making them an asset to any employer and country. Because the current world is still as keen on academic certificates as it was three decades ago, perhaps even more so as competition for jobs continues to go up. It is no wonder then that professionals continue to go back to college to acquire higher degrees in order to improve their skills and therefore their chances of promotion and better pay. In fact when an employee seeks to get a promotion the best tactic would be to get a college degree, because coupled with the person’s work experience a college degree is like having gold in ones possession. Another reason for one to get a college degree would be for the purpose of self fulfillment. All of us are born with the need to excel, for some of us this need is so great that it cannot be ignored. This need is ever present within us so that if we settle for anything less that we ha envisioned for ourselves than we end up miserable. The acquisition of a college degree is one a venue of fulfilling our need to excel. Going to college has become second-nature majority of college educated parents and their children. Jay Mathews defines it as instinctual as tacking an August vacation (Mathews, par4). With so many people dropping out of high school or even never proceeding to college getting a college degree remains an achievement worth acknowledging. So many people are stuck in a job that they may not like, or a job that may not pay them nearly enough to survive and meet their basic needs and the basic needs of their families. Often the acquisition of a college degree is usually the means of achieving their desire for a better paying job and a more fulfilling one. A college degree is therefore a means of self fulfillment and acquiring the social and financial status that one dreams of. Some millionaire and billionaires may not have a college degree, but college degrees remain important and valuable. Bill Gates had to go to college in order for him to get the inspiration to start Microsoft. Even though he did not graduate he got knowledge that helped him build his dream. College is a mine of ideas and knowledge, and no one should miss out on an opportunity to acquire either or both of these. References Goes, John. What Is the Point of a College Education. 24 August 2009. 7 August 2010http://media.www.chicagoflame.com/media/storage/paper519/news/2009/08/24/Opinions/Whats.The.Point.Of.A.College.Education-3755931.shtml Aljazeera. US Employers Shed 131,000 Jobs. 6 August 2010. 7 August 2010. http://english.aljazeera.net/news/americas/2010/08/20108616525186107.html Milliken, James. Growing Importance of a College Education. 6 August 2010. 7 August 2010.http://fremonttribune.com/news/opinion/columnists/article_ab479f02-a161-11df-9183-001cc4c03286.html Mathews, Jay. Patrick Welsh Is Wrong About Too Many Going to College. 29 July 2010. 7 August 2010. http://voices.washingtonpost.com/class-struggle/2010/07/patrick_welsh_is_wrong_about_t.html    How to cite A College Degree: What’s the Point?, Papers

Effect of Amylase on Starch

Question: Write a report about the Effect of Amylase on Starch? Answer: The experiment was performed to determine the activity of salivary amylase, where the enzyme converts the starch to maltose. The enzyme hydrolyzes the-(1-4) glycosidic linkage of the starch polymers (Amira et al., 2012) into maltose and dextrin. The enzymatic action is influenced by pH and temperature (Amira et al., 2012). The amylases isolated from diverse sources (including plants, animals, and microbes) play a vital role in carbohydrate metabolism. In addition, due to associated low cost, the enzyme is being widely used in industrial production for food processing and fermentation etc. However the action of the enzyme varies from source to source. Hence the efficacy of the enzyme should be determined. The effect of amylase can be determined using iodine as an indicator. In brief the starch is treated with known concentration of amylase under identical conditions. The starch gets hydrolyzed proportionally to that of action of amylase. The starch show blue colour in presence of iodi ne solution and disappears with the degradation (conversion to smaller units) of starch. Hence the method, iodine-starch combination is used for the quantitative assessment (Xiao, et al., 2006). Amylase also shows a partial degradation of starch to amyloamylose and erythroamylose (Freeman Hopkins, 1936). As soon as the conversion is in progress the blue colour gets transformed to clear zone due to hydrolysis of starch to maltose. The results of zone of clearance obtained from the experiment are shown in Table-1 and Fig-1. Table-1: Effect of Amylase on digestion of starch based on zone of clearance Amylase conc (%) Zone of clearance/m2 0 0 0.5 40 1 80 1.5 136 2 96 2.5 128 The results suggesting that there exists haphazard pattern of results. The experimental values are not on straight-line for 2 and 2.5% amylase solutions. The zone of clearance is marginally linear to that of concentrations of amylase solution standalone (r=0.88); whereas the elimination of terminal points yielded a straight line (r=1). The correlation coefficient (r) is used as an indicator to express the linearity. The results indicate that the zone of clearance values resulted for the concentrations, 2 % and 2.5 are not in linear. Therefore these two points could be considered as the anomalies among the values. Precautions to avoid the errors Specific volumes of the samples should be pipetted accurately and trasnfrred to the glas tubes. The experiemntal considitons should be identical to all the samples. Ideally the samples should be exposed to a temperature of 37o C. In the current case, there were few errors that include improper pippeting, droping temperare from 36o C to 29o C and spillage of the samples. These are the probable reasosn for showing descreency of the results. Therefore the experiemnts showed haphzardous results. The experiemtnal errors can be minimized by care ful experimentation. The experiemnt looks to be sensitive to changes in the temperature. In addtion the method is sesnitive to changes in pH. Therefore the method further can be improved by maintaining a cosntant pH utilizing buffers and temperature for all the experiemnts. Else an advanced method based on electrophoresis (Martinez et al., 2000) may be used to yield consistent and reproducible results. References FREEMAN GG Hopkins RH (1936) The mechanism of degradation of starch by amylases: Kinetics of action of - and -amylases on starch, its components and partial degradation products. Biochemical J 30(3) p. 446-450 MARTINEZ TF., ALARCON FJ., DIAZ-LOPEZ M MOYANO FJ (2000) Improved detection of amylase activity by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with copolymerized starch. Electrophoresis. 21(14) p. 2940-3. XIAO, Z., STORMS, R TSANG, A. (2006) A quantitative starch-iodine method for measuring alpha-amylase and glucoamylase activities. Anal Biochem. 351(1) p. 146-8. AMIRA E-F., MOHAMMED AD., AHMED E-S NOHA O (2012) Starch and microbial -Amylases: from concepts to biotechnological applications, carbohydrates-comprehensive studies on glycobiology and glycotechnology, Retrieved from https://www.intechopen.com/books/carbohydrates-comprehensive-studies-on-glycobiology-and-glycotechnology/starch-and-microbial-amylases-from-concepts-to-biotechnological-applications