BTVET in Uganda

BTVET in Uganda AN INVESTIGATIVE STUDY OF FACTORS AFFECTING ENROLMENT AND COMPLETION RATES IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER LEARNING (BTVET) IN UGANDA Presentation This examination endeavors to lead an examination of the elements influencing enrolment and finish rates inside the Business, Technical Vocational Education and Training (BTVET) establishments in Uganda. The examination covers a time of ten years (between 1999 to 2009), normally settled on as it was during this time when the legislature Implemented significant changes inside the training arrangement of the nation, because of the Education Review Commission (1989). It will be noticed that 1999 falls two years shy of the real time (1997) when the administration actualized Universal Primary Education (UPE) allowed to four offspring of each Ugandan family in the nation a stage towards meeting Education for all (EFA) constantly 2012 as one of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) in the nation. The investigation happens over ten years down the line since the beginning of UPE and three years after Universal Secondary Education (USE) programs. While numerous grade schools are as yet battli ng with the convergence of understudies who might somehow or another have gotten no opportunity of getting formal basic instruction on the off chance that it were not for UPE and USE, this creator tries to explore whether the execution of these projects has in any capacity had any kind of effect to people groups perspectives towards training as a rule and professional instruction specifically. The examination tries to research the pattern of enrolment and finishing in foundations of higher learning and specifically those in the Business, Technical, Vocational Education and Training (BTVET) segment during when Education For All (EFA) continuously 2012, has been on the plan as one of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDG) for creating nations. The UPE program took off in the midst of a flood of issues including far reaching open analysis coming about because of the at first horrible showing of normal UPE schools in the nation. Among the issues that vowed this program from the very beginning was the issue of clog of the accessible study halls. As a result of the UPE program numerous schools revealed overpowering enrolments prompting an inundation of the until now non school going youngsters. This turned into a reason for worry because of the overstretched existing offices inside schools. Notwithstanding the deficient conditions under which a portion of the schools worked, and while a few schools were all the while regretting the absence of room and lacking offices, it was about this time the legislature made great its subsequent guarantee with respect to free instruction and presented the Universal Secondary Education, (USE) free for all. The program, which began in 2007, was acquainted likewise with UPE ten years sooner. C omparable it could be said that the program was not well arranged for as it was begun inside the current school foundation and with a similar labor. Three years down the line notwithstanding, reports from the media and proof from schools imply that the USE program has created expanded paces of enrolment in optional schools constantly since it was begun. It is the supposition of this creator that if these changes in the instruction area have so far been an example of overcoming adversity they could similarly affect people groups mentalities with respect to training as a rule and professional training specifically, and it is from the consequences of this investigation that this reality will be completely settled. It is on this premise among different variables that this creator is to lead an investigation of the rates at which understudies select and complete their courses giving specific consideration to such factors as cause them to drop out and what to do about it. It is critical to note now anyway that in as much as both essential and auxiliary training have been made widespread there are as yet numerous offspring of school going age that are not in school, leaving us with questions requesting answers concerning why this is so. There are numerous kids seen hanging about on boulevards while others resort to early relationships and additionally youth work. A great deal of youngsters who dont go to class are found in the towns which are the focal point of movement for most families who live on means cultivating. Foundations for this can be various, anyway let it get the job done to say now that this sort of circumstance is at the focal point of this studys examination. Though there is no enactment on school going age in the nation widespread training has so far not been made mandatory. This has given a few guardians the opportunity as well as has generally added to getting numerous youngsters far from schools since there is no responsibility to a ny nearby expert for not sending kids to class. With such huge numbers of youngsters experiencing childhood in a situation where a decent piece of the populace either dismiss the significance of training or believes it to be past their range, it is essential to explore whether this conveys any essentialness as far as impact to the understudies who select to proceed with instruction in organizations of higher learning. While the propensity of dropping out of schools can be followed in all areas of training in the nation, it is imperative to examine the rate at which it is occurring. Since the administration set up the Special Educational Policy Review Commission (1989), a portion of its outcomes have been acknowledged in the administration white paper on training, notwithstanding UPE and USE. There is need thusly to research further the changes on instructive projects realized because of the activity of this commission and how these effect on enrolment and fulfillment rates. Destinations OF THE STUDY 1. To set up factors that impact understudies to join foundations of higher learning. 2. To explore how the projects on offer inside the foundations of higher adapting especially in the BTVET segment address business issues of youngsters 3. The investigation will try to build up the pattern of execution in the BTVET foundations by looking at the quantity of understudies that at first select and the number that finish their a multi year courses, noticing any variations assuming any, over a time of ten years. 4. A cross area of school drop outs will be found and met to build up reasons why they neglected to finish their courses. 5. A cross area of understudies in the last year of their courses will likewise be met to build up factors that inspire them to finish their courses. 6. To study and draw models from creating nations just as created European nations for motivations behind analyzing the BTVET circumstance on ground in Uganda. It is the perspective on this creator that looking into frameworks will give a more extensive point of view about how BTVET courses are educated somewhere else in relationship what exactly is on the ground. 7. To direct an audit of the writing that investigates training as rehearsed throughout the entire existence of the African customary society the setting wherein formal instruction can be valued and polished to serve networks (ref). 8. To direct a concise investigation of the current changes inside the British arrangement of training for instance of a framework that is continually changing trying to coordinate needs of youngsters in a created nation. Political/Economic foundation to the Problem Uganda is a land-bolted nation, which lies over the equator in the core of Africa, covering 241,139 square kilometers, 17% of which is water. The greater part of the nation lies between 900-2000 meters above ocean level, which causes it to appreciate a for the most part mellow tropical atmosphere with temperatures extending somewhere in the range of 17â ºc and 28â ºc with the normal precipitation of around 1500 mm p.a. The equivalent altitudinal varieties empower Uganda grow a wide scope of means and money crops for the nation. With a populace, which is presently evaluated to be 24.4 Million, Uganda has a yearly development pace of 3.3% and a thickness of 124 people for every square kilometer. Females comprise about 51.2% of the populace as indicated by the 2002 National Population and Housing Census. 10 years after Uganda achieved autonomy in 1962 a time of political unsteadiness was experienced, (1970-1979) which prompted genuine monetary and political decrease. During this period talented labor including an enormous number of experts fled the nation looking for political and monetary shelter. Because of this a large portion of the framework for enterprises, training, transport and other help divisions were barely fixed or kept up with numerous subsequently falling into decay. The countrys development in all segments including that of the professional instruction and preparing was antagonistically influenced and the requirement for monetary and social reestablishment both as far as framework just as open mentalities towards training programs was more grounded than any time in recent memory. Studies inside the service of training and the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS), demonstrate that this circumstance seems to have improved in the previous twenty years during which time a t on of changes have been realized by the current system. The current arrangement of instruction in Uganda is designed after the model of the British arrangement of training acquired after the nation accomplished her political autonomy in 1962(ref). This arrangement of training was initially intended to create graduates with an inclination towards secretarial and regulatory jobs(ibid). This is on the grounds that the fundamental reason for training during the provincial days was to give staff to administration to the pilgrim ace (ref). The framework had no tendency towards provincial turn of events in spite of the fact that administration strategy stressed change of the nation side(ibid). The instructive framework proceeded to over-gracefully adolescents with simply scholastic kind of training while deficiencies of specific functional preparing endured. Because of this pattern when the

Caring for Dementia Patients Long Term Care free essay sample

Thinking about Dementia Patients Rodrick Williams English 122 Professor Susan Turner Colon Caring for Dementia Patient It can be extremely troublesome thinking about a patient with dementia. Most parental figures are unconscious of the issues, they should confront. A relative endeavoring to think about a friend or family member without preparing will in the long run go to a Nursing Home that has encountered staff being taken care of by dementia patients. Albeit numerous families feel a feeling of blame having another person care for a friend or family member, it is best for all concerned. Dementia patients can be a bunch for an accomplished guardian just as those with no preparation. These are a portion of the inquiry that ought to be pose to when a cherished is conclusion with dementia. For what reason is dementia so misconstrued, what are the causes, what are the various phases of the dementia, what are the measurements, and how is it analysis? Dementia characterized as the loss of scholarly capacities, for example, thinking, recollecting, and thinking of adequate seriousness to meddle with a people every day working. We will compose a custom paper test on Thinking about Dementia Patients Long Term Care or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Dementia isn't an ailment itself, however a gathering of indications. Numerous ementias are treatable and reversible. Alzheimers ailment is the most widely recognized type of untreatable, irreversible dementia A German specialist named Alois Alzheimer first found Alzheimers Disease (AD) in 1906. It is a turmoil of the cerebrum, making harm mind tissue over a period. The infection can wait from two to a quarter century before death results (Florida Health Care Association 2005). A portion of the conditions that emulate Alzheimers are reversible dementia, irreversible dementia, despondency, and migration stress. Most normal responses are decrease in wellbeing, nability to think about oneself, bewilderment, and disarray. Treatable reasons for dementia are doctor prescribed medication communications, liquor use, gloom, daze, parchedness, hunger, contaminations, and vision and hearing issues (Bourgeois, Irvine 20000). Correspondence is basic when moving toward dementia patients. The patient loses the comprehension of the communicated in language and relies upon non-verbal communication for their wellspring of comprehension. It tends to be baffling for a dementia persistent attempting to communicate oneself. The straightforward things are difficult to get over. To some this ehavior would be viewed as upsetting yet it is difficult for them to convey adequately. The best game-plan is remain quiet, consider if the patient is patients as awful conduct. A dementia conduct is considered as issue conduct which is made out of fomentation, hostility, and meandering. Fomentation is the main issue conduct, which might be beginning by torment, hunger, dread, weariness insanity, drug symptom, or condition. Determination is the initial phase in treating tumult (1997). A distinct determination of Alzheimers malady is still just conceivable during dissection hen the trademark plaques and tangles can be identified. Be that as it may, with procedures now accessible, doctors and patients can depend on 85 to 90 percent exactness, as per concentrates in which clinical analysis was later affirmed via dissection (1984). The best method to analyze AD is currently through Memory Disorder Clinics, (MDC, for example, the ones supported by the State of Florida. The facility assessment is a group way to deal with analysis of memory impedance. Regardless of whether the conclusion is Alzheimers illness, Multi Infarct dementia, Parkinsons malady, or some other structure f dementia, the Memory Disorder Clinic experts will help the patient and family with administrations and assets for their circumstance. Ebb and flow look into centers around various parts of dementia, including, yet not restricted to anticipation, easing back movement, treatment of side effects and a fix. This examination wants to improve the lives of individuals influenced by Alzheimers malady and different dementias. Research may incorporate investigations of hereditary components, synapses, irritation, cell demise, and the related neurofibrillary tangles and plaques in AD. Some different analysts are attempting to decide the potential jobs of cholesterol digestion, oxidative pressure (substance responses that can harm proteins, DNA, and lipids inside cells), estrogen, nutrient E, and microglia in the improvement of AD. Researchers additionally are examining the job of maturing related proteins (Florida Health Care Association 2005). Way of life changes to help forestall AD, as indicated by The Alzheimers Prevention Foundation International incorporate four mainstays of building a superior memory; diet and nutrients, stress the board, exercise and pharmaceutical medications. Diet and nutrients: the cerebrum requires nourishment, blood stream and vitality that originates from an eating regimen that is moderate in calories, high in great fats and clean proteins. Stress the board: decreasing despondency and improving your capacity to manage distressing circumstances. Exercise: mental and physical exercise is basic for cerebrum wellbeing. Successful exercises incorporate lively strolling, swimming, and Tai chi mental exercise, for example, visiting galleries, crossword puzzles, perusing, taking instructive classes, and associating with companions arte every fantastic approaches to keep your cerebrum fit as a fiddle. Pharmaceutical medications: prescriptions, for example, Aricept, Exelon, Reminyl, and Namenda, taken with the oversight of a doctor, can assume a significant job in postponing the movement of mellow memory misfortune because of Alzheimers malady. Common hormone substitution treatment despite everything considered by pioneers in the field of integrative medication to be helpful for some individuals (Lacy, Armstrong, Goodman 2003). that there are three phases of Alzheimers and their qualities. The beginning periods incorporate memory misfortune, bewilderment, mellow disarray, and character changes. Center tages: failure to perform gifted developments, social withdrawal, less restraints, fretfulness, rest aggravation, and mental trips. The late stages: little memory, trouble conveying, no acknowledgment of friends and family, overlooking how to eat, loss of bladder/inside control, and upset rest cycle. Urge families to Join bolster gatherings, give instructive freebees, instructive courses or workshops, memory issue facilities, memory books, care plan gatherings, exercises, feasting, social administrations, family encouraging group of people, and hospice care (McGough 2005). By including family coals there is less possibility of enthusiastic, physical, social, monetary or condition pressure. Stress can prompted allegations about consideration, passionate upheavals, visit visits for the duration of the day or verbal and physical threatening vibe. Wellbeing is a significant worry that ought to incorporate observing gadgets, night-lights, sufficiently bright lobbies, blend key locks, naming room entryways of inhabitants with pictures of occupants, decrease commotion levels, disposing of messiness, and keeping sharp articles far off. Anything that represents a danger to the security of the occupants must be evacuated or kept in a protected spot. It takes a resilient individual to think about people analyzed or have side effects of dementia. As the side effects progress as will the conduct issues. References Bourgeois, M. what's more, Irvine, Blair, PH. D. Methodologies of Dementia, ORCAS, Inc. 2000 Florida Health Care Association, 2005 University of Alabama Dementia and Training Program, The Deta Brain Series, 1997 National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and the Disease and Related Disorders Association rules, 1984 Lacy C, Armstrong L, Goldman M, Drug Information Handbook, Lexi-Comp, Hudson, Ohio 1 th ed. 2003

Essay on Pneumonia Communicable Disease

Essay on Pneumonia Communicable Disease Pneumoniaâ€"a Communicable Disease Dec 20, 2018 in Healthcare Introduction Pneumonia is a type of a respiratory condition characterized by lung infection, which can be caused by fungi, bacteria or viruses (Cunha, 2010). The most common symptoms associated with the disease include breathing difficulties, fever, experiencing chest pains and cough. In the United States, it has been estimated that 50,000 deaths are caused by pneumonia annually. Despite the fact that a person of any age can get sick with pneumonia, the disease is more prevalent among the elderly (Griffin, Zhu, Moore, Whitney, Grijalva, 2013). Current paper explores the history of the disease, statistics on its prevalence, current prevention efforts, future goals for prevention and the role of nurses in education and prevention of pneumonia.

What Is the Law of Conservation of Mass

Chemistry is a physical science that studies matter, energy and how they interact. When studying these interactions, its important to understand the law of conservation of mass. Key Takeaways: Conservation of Mass Simply stated, the law of conservation of mass means matter cannot be created or destroyed, but it can change forms.In chemistry, the law is used to balance chemical equations. The number and type of atoms must be the same for both reactants and products.Credit for discovering the law may be given to either Mikhail Lomonosov or Antoine Lavoisier. Law of Conservation of Mass Definition The law of conservation of mass is that, in a closed or isolated system, matter cannot be created or destroyed. It can change forms but is conserved. Law of Conservation of Mass in Chemistry In the context of the study of chemistry, the law of conservation of mass says that in a chemical reaction, the mass of the products equals the mass of the reactants. To clarify: An isolated system is one that does not interact with its surroundings. Therefore, the mass contained in that isolated system will remain constant, regardless of any transformations or chemical reactions that occur—while the result may be different than what you had in the beginning, there cant be any more or less mass than what you had prior to the transformation or reaction. The law of conservation of mass was crucial to the progression of chemistry, as it helped scientists understand that substances did not disappear as result of a reaction (as they may appear to do); rather, they transform into another substance of equal mass. History credits multiple scientists with discovering the law of conservation of mass. Russian scientist Mikhail Lomonosov noted it in his diary as a result of an experiment in 1756. In 1774, French chemist Antoine Lavoisier meticulously documented experiments that proved the law. The law of conservation of mass is known by some as Lavoisiers Law. In defining the law, Lavoisier stated, Atoms of an object cannot be created or destroyed, but can be moved around and be changed into different particles. Sources Okuň, Lev BorisoviÄ  (2009). Energy and Mass in Relativity Theory. World Scientific. ISBN 978-981-281-412-8.Whitaker, Robert D. (1975). An historical note on the conservation of mass. Journal of Chemical Education. 52 (10): 658. doi:10.1021/ed052p658

The Causes Of Obesity And Obesity - 1508 Words

Causes of Obesity When it comes to people health, what usually comes up in mind? People may think of some disease, such as cancer or stroke, but nobody thinks about Obesity, which has become one of the biggest issues in America. Obesity is the accumulation of unnecessary body fat. It is a lifestyle disease that is spreading fast worldwide. This disease is affecting individuals of all age, ethnicity, and gender. As we all know, America has an extended history of solving complex problems, but it seems like obesity has stuck with the American people. In the essay, called Politicians Want to tax us Thin, written by Kyle Smith, she states, â€Å"We know obesity is a problem, but just to be sure we need to spend more resources to study it† (501). Smith says that somehow we are unsuccessful to solve the problem of obesity, and it’s affecting many people all over the world. Many people’s problems are due to their bad habits: they do not care to read the labels of what th ey eat, and they do not think what is natural and healthy for them before they eat. People pass such habits to their children, as it is predictable, and now childhood obesity is also becoming a rising issue. Many factors contribute to the causes of obesity in America while health officials and scientists all agree on the more general causes including lack of exercise, eating junk food, and family lifestyle. Firstly, lack of exercise is one of the major causes of Obesity. An article called, The Causes and Effects ofShow MoreRelatedThe Causes Of Obesity And Obesity1519 Words   |  7 PagesAaron Heiden Robert S. Pilsner WR 121 17 March 2013 The Causes of Obesity Many people speculate that obesity is genetic, but is it? Is childhood obesity caused by a lack of exercise, an unhealthy diet, or both? Obese people, or more commonly referred to as fat people or overweight people, are defined as adults who’s BMI (body mass index) is over 30 percent. There have always been overweight people in human society, but the rate of growth for this percentage of our population has been steadily risingRead MoreThe Causes Of Obesity And Obesity1032 Words   |  5 PagesThe Causes of Obesity Obesity is not just a cosmetic concern; it also increases your risk for cancer, diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, and muscular skeletal disorders. It is estimated that obesity affects more than a third of the American adult population and seventeen percent of the American children population (Moores, 2005). Obesity has many definitions; one of the many definitions is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negativeRead MoreCauses Of Obesity756 Words   |  4 Pagescosts of care for treating three diseases. Obesity, Diabetes, and high blood pressure are the most spreading diseases in the United States and cost the country a huge amount of money for treatments. Obesity or the extra weight harms health in many ways. It raises the danger of developing circumstances, such as diabetes, osteoarthritis, heart disease, and some types of cancers, to name just a few, and cuts the life distance. Treating obesity or any obesity related situations costs the country billionsRead MoreObesity : Obesity Causes And Solutions1658 Words   |  7 PagesObesity Causes and Solutions In recent decades, obesity has grown to become considered an epidemic. In Natalie Boreo’s book â€Å"Killer Fat†, she discusses this obesity epidemic along with its social, political, economic, and moral influences. A number of factors contribute to the high instances of obesity; a person’s lifestyle, eating habits, culture, sedentary behaviors, activity levels, socioeconomic status, among many others. Sociologists seek to understand the physical, emotional and social influencesRead MoreCauses and Effects of Obesity823 Words   |  3 PagesObesity occurs in all countries and it is one of the gravest problems in modern society. Mankinds around the world are concerned about obesity. One of the chief causes is unhealthy diets. Obesity is also due to lack of exercise and lack of education and awareness. Therefore obesity has various effects include risk of suffering from a range of health conditions, large fiscal expenditure on medical insurance and lack of self- esteem. One of the chief causes is unhealthy diets. There are high-calorieRead MoreCauses of Childhood Obesity630 Words   |  3 Pageshowever, can be a problem to many children. This is referred to as obesity, when it occurs among children between ages 2 and 8 it is called childhood referred. Childhood obesity has been on the rise for the past few decades and it is making the lives of children shorter. Childhood obesity can be the outcome of many influences. Economic factors, an unmonitored environment, and lack of activity, are some effects of childhood obesity. To start with, the first and major reason causing children to beRead MoreThe Chief Causes Of Obesity1110 Words   |  5 PagesThe Chief Causes of Obesity As we all know the obesity has become a great problem for many people around the world. A research shows that 34.9% of adults in the United States are obese, and the money used for health problems relating to obesity has greatly increased. The estimated cost was $147 billion in 2008, and the cost for obese people were $1,429 higher than normal people (cdc.gov). There are a lot of factors which makes many Americans obese. The chief causes of obesity are bad food choicesRead MoreCauses Of Obesity In America1030 Words   |  5 PagesObesity is a big problem in the United States today. According to Harvard Womens Health Watch, â€Å"33% of American adults are obese, compared with 15% in the late 1970s. More than 60% of women are overweight or obese†. When it comes to losing weight, many people devotedly believe in the 80/20 rule, which is what and how a person eats is 80% of the effort in losing weight. This is somewhat disconcerting if these people live in America because of th e obesity epidemic currently going on, which is causedRead MoreCauses and Effects of Obesity832 Words   |  3 PagesThe epidemic of obesity is a medical circumstance defined as excess weight in the form of fat which may impair health. (World Obesity Federation, 2012). Obesity can be calculated by BMI which is body mass index. Obesity means BMI greater than 30. (ibid). This essay will outline the causes and effects of obesity. Diet, lifestyle, toxic environment and the causes of obesity are physical, psychological and economic are impacts. One fundamental cause of obesity is diet. Adolescence is perfect exampleRead MoreThe Causes and Effects of Obesity686 Words   |  3 PagesCauses and Effects of Obesity Overview Obesity according to Birmingham and Treasure means there is an excess of adipose tissue (fat) in the body (195). Today, hardly a day goes without the mention of an obesity related issue in the news. In a way, obesity is increasingly becoming a national epidemic. As medical practitioners debate on whether or not obesity should be regarded a disease, policy makers are mulling over what course of action should be adopted so as to rein in the problem of obesity

A College Degree What’s the Point Free Essays

Nowadays there are many millionaires and even billionaires, who don’t have a college degree. Some of them quit collage while others didn’t even step foot into collage. The entertainment industry is filled with high school dropouts and people who never stepped inside college, yet these people are often millionaires, earning millions of dollars. We will write a custom essay sample on A College Degree: What’s the Point? or any similar topic only for you Order Now This leaves one wondering whether a college degree is really necessary or can one do without one. In this era that is riddled with economic recession and unemployment, the world is no longer as friendly to college graduates as it used to be in past decades. More and more fresh graduates are finding themselves unemployed or in jobs without security as the world becomes more and more competitive. John Goes argues that modern education has two purposes; to show that one was smart enough to get into college, and to show a prospective employer that one may be smart enough to learn their job-specific skills. He argues that college degrees have become the modern day IQ tests to determine employability following the ban of IQ testing of job-applicants by the governments (Goes, par4). John Goes further argues that nowadays people have been conditioned to think that anybody can get a college degree. A few decades ago it was accepted that half the people were below average. Only half the people got high school diplomas and only 1 in 20 students managed to obtain a Bachelors degree. Today the statistics indicate that there is an 80% to 90% high school diploma attainment rate (Goes, par5). What is worse is that the cost of acquiring a college degree is now very high. So high that, one Trina Thompson filled a law suite against her alma mater Monroe College for the refund of the $70,000 tuition due to the fact that no one wants to employ someone with a worthless degree. She accused the college for false advertising (Goes, par6). But, to say that college degrees are now worthless is to be shortsighted. The benefits of acquiring a college degree may not be evident in the short-term but are always plenty in the long run. The fact that more people are getting degrees nowadays does not mean that college degrees have lost their value rather it shows that college degrees have become more valuable. Acquiring a college degree definitely puts one ahead in the job market. The recession that hit the world last year resulted in the loss of many jobs. What is to note however is that the majority of the jobs lost were jobs in the manufacturing industry. These jobs were mainly blue collar jobs that were mostly taken by high school graduates and dropouts. Once the recession hit, many companies closed shop, others relocated their operations to more labor economic countries. It was reported that the US economy had shed 131,000 jobs by 6th August this year and that unemployment rates remained stuck at 9.5% (Aljazeera, par1). The private sector only managed to create 71, 000 jobs. Experts say that this rate is too slow for the country to recover its pre-recession employment rate. Blue collar jobs are routine jobs which are more manual and do not require a lot of mental output. Being manual, these jobs can be easily done by other people given the right instructions or by machines which have been programmed to do these tasks. Therefore people who work in blue collar jobs are easily dispensable. However, jobs that are more technical and requiring of high skills are often the kinds that require degrees. Even in the recession many college graduates did not lose their jobs. Even when they lost their jobs it was possible for them to search for telecommute jobs which more and more companies began to offer as alternative employment to laid off employees. High skill jobs like financial jobs and medical jobs continue to pay off in spite of the recession. What’s more college degrees attract higher pay. The acquisition of a college degree in a particular field usually makes the person specialized. Specialization leads to mastering of ones work and creating high skills which make the person a professional in his field of specialization. College graduates earn an average of $20, 000, far much more than non-college graduates (Milliken, par2). Experts argue that college graduates have significantly lower unemployment rates, rely less on public assistance and enjoy better health making them an asset to any employer and country. Because the current world is still as keen on academic certificates as it was three decades ago, perhaps even more so as competition for jobs continues to go up. It is no wonder then that professionals continue to go back to college to acquire higher degrees in order to improve their skills and therefore their chances of promotion and better pay. In fact when an employee seeks to get a promotion the best tactic would be to get a college degree, because coupled with the person’s work experience a college degree is like having gold in ones possession. Another reason for one to get a college degree would be for the purpose of self fulfillment. All of us are born with the need to excel, for some of us this need is so great that it cannot be ignored. This need is ever present within us so that if we settle for anything less that we ha envisioned for ourselves than we end up miserable. The acquisition of a college degree is one a venue of fulfilling our need to excel. Going to college has become second-nature majority of college educated parents and their children. Jay Mathews defines it as instinctual as tacking an August vacation (Mathews, par4). With so many people dropping out of high school or even never proceeding to college getting a college degree remains an achievement worth acknowledging. So many people are stuck in a job that they may not like, or a job that may not pay them nearly enough to survive and meet their basic needs and the basic needs of their families. Often the acquisition of a college degree is usually the means of achieving their desire for a better paying job and a more fulfilling one. A college degree is therefore a means of self fulfillment and acquiring the social and financial status that one dreams of. Some millionaire and billionaires may not have a college degree, but college degrees remain important and valuable. Bill Gates had to go to college in order for him to get the inspiration to start Microsoft. Even though he did not graduate he got knowledge that helped him build his dream. College is a mine of ideas and knowledge, and no one should miss out on an opportunity to acquire either or both of these. References Goes, John. What Is the Point of a College Education. 24 August 2009. 7 August 2010http://media.www.chicagoflame.com/media/storage/paper519/news/2009/08/24/Opinions/Whats.The.Point.Of.A.College.Education-3755931.shtml Aljazeera. US Employers Shed 131,000 Jobs. 6 August 2010. 7 August 2010. http://english.aljazeera.net/news/americas/2010/08/20108616525186107.html Milliken, James. Growing Importance of a College Education. 6 August 2010. 7 August 2010.http://fremonttribune.com/news/opinion/columnists/article_ab479f02-a161-11df-9183-001cc4c03286.html Mathews, Jay. Patrick Welsh Is Wrong About Too Many Going to College. 29 July 2010. 7 August 2010. http://voices.washingtonpost.com/class-struggle/2010/07/patrick_welsh_is_wrong_about_t.html    How to cite A College Degree: What’s the Point?, Papers

Effect of Amylase on Starch

Question: Write a report about the Effect of Amylase on Starch? Answer: The experiment was performed to determine the activity of salivary amylase, where the enzyme converts the starch to maltose. The enzyme hydrolyzes the-(1-4) glycosidic linkage of the starch polymers (Amira et al., 2012) into maltose and dextrin. The enzymatic action is influenced by pH and temperature (Amira et al., 2012). The amylases isolated from diverse sources (including plants, animals, and microbes) play a vital role in carbohydrate metabolism. In addition, due to associated low cost, the enzyme is being widely used in industrial production for food processing and fermentation etc. However the action of the enzyme varies from source to source. Hence the efficacy of the enzyme should be determined. The effect of amylase can be determined using iodine as an indicator. In brief the starch is treated with known concentration of amylase under identical conditions. The starch gets hydrolyzed proportionally to that of action of amylase. The starch show blue colour in presence of iodi ne solution and disappears with the degradation (conversion to smaller units) of starch. Hence the method, iodine-starch combination is used for the quantitative assessment (Xiao, et al., 2006). Amylase also shows a partial degradation of starch to amyloamylose and erythroamylose (Freeman Hopkins, 1936). As soon as the conversion is in progress the blue colour gets transformed to clear zone due to hydrolysis of starch to maltose. The results of zone of clearance obtained from the experiment are shown in Table-1 and Fig-1. Table-1: Effect of Amylase on digestion of starch based on zone of clearance Amylase conc (%) Zone of clearance/m2 0 0 0.5 40 1 80 1.5 136 2 96 2.5 128 The results suggesting that there exists haphazard pattern of results. The experimental values are not on straight-line for 2 and 2.5% amylase solutions. The zone of clearance is marginally linear to that of concentrations of amylase solution standalone (r=0.88); whereas the elimination of terminal points yielded a straight line (r=1). The correlation coefficient (r) is used as an indicator to express the linearity. The results indicate that the zone of clearance values resulted for the concentrations, 2 % and 2.5 are not in linear. Therefore these two points could be considered as the anomalies among the values. Precautions to avoid the errors Specific volumes of the samples should be pipetted accurately and trasnfrred to the glas tubes. The experiemntal considitons should be identical to all the samples. Ideally the samples should be exposed to a temperature of 37o C. In the current case, there were few errors that include improper pippeting, droping temperare from 36o C to 29o C and spillage of the samples. These are the probable reasosn for showing descreency of the results. Therefore the experiemnts showed haphzardous results. The experiemtnal errors can be minimized by care ful experimentation. The experiemnt looks to be sensitive to changes in the temperature. In addtion the method is sesnitive to changes in pH. Therefore the method further can be improved by maintaining a cosntant pH utilizing buffers and temperature for all the experiemnts. Else an advanced method based on electrophoresis (Martinez et al., 2000) may be used to yield consistent and reproducible results. References FREEMAN GG Hopkins RH (1936) The mechanism of degradation of starch by amylases: Kinetics of action of - and -amylases on starch, its components and partial degradation products. Biochemical J 30(3) p. 446-450 MARTINEZ TF., ALARCON FJ., DIAZ-LOPEZ M MOYANO FJ (2000) Improved detection of amylase activity by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with copolymerized starch. Electrophoresis. 21(14) p. 2940-3. XIAO, Z., STORMS, R TSANG, A. (2006) A quantitative starch-iodine method for measuring alpha-amylase and glucoamylase activities. Anal Biochem. 351(1) p. 146-8. AMIRA E-F., MOHAMMED AD., AHMED E-S NOHA O (2012) Starch and microbial -Amylases: from concepts to biotechnological applications, carbohydrates-comprehensive studies on glycobiology and glycotechnology, Retrieved from https://www.intechopen.com/books/carbohydrates-comprehensive-studies-on-glycobiology-and-glycotechnology/starch-and-microbial-amylases-from-concepts-to-biotechnological-applications